understand the basic knowledge of laboratory test
A urine
; Second, the blood
normal range of test items abbreviation Clinical significance
three other tests
. abbreviation normal range of test items ; clinical significance
four biochemical tests
normal range of test items abbreviation Clinical significance
alanine aminotransferase / C SGPT / ALT ; 0-40U / L â‘ significant increase seen in the acute phase of hepatitis drugs
acid aminotransferase liver disease caused by liver cell necrosis.
; â‘¡ moderately increased liver , cirrhosis, chronic liver
; inflammation and heart stems.
; â‘¢ slightly increased biliary obstructive disease.
total bilirubin quality T-BIL 0 ~ 18.8umo1 / 1 Total bilirubin such as liver damage, liver
; and extrahepatic biliary obstruction, hemolysis disease, neonatal dissolve
; bloody jaundice.
direct bilirubin D-BIL 0 ~ 6.84umo1 / 1 Reference total bilirubin
; 60 ~ 80g / 1 of serum total protein intake increased â‘ dehydration as water is not
; enough to diarrhea and vomiting diabetic acidosis, intestinal obstruction or
; perforation, burns, traumatic shock , acute infection
; disease. â‘¡ multiple myeloma monocytic white
; leukemia â‘¢ tuberculosis, syphilis, blood protozoal and so on.
; lower serum total protein â‘ bleeding, ulcers, protein
; urine, etc. â‘¡ malnutrition,ray ban men, low protein diet, vitamin
; hormone deficiency, cancer, bad hygiene, anemia, sugar
; diabetes, toxemia of pregnancy and so on.
serum albumin ALB 35.0 ~ 55.0G / L ; and serum total protein in the same
alkaline phosphatase ALP adult 20-110U / L increase seen in â‘ â‘¡ hepatobiliary disease of bone marrow disorders
; children, 20-220U / L â‘¢ Other hyperthyroidism thyroid adenoma, hyperparathyroidism.
γ-glutamyl transferase GGT (γ-GT) <50U / L ①significantly increased: cancer, obstructive jaundice, night < / p>
; period cirrhosis, pancreatic cancer
â‘¡ with mild to moderate increase: infectious hepatitis, cirrhosis,
; pancreatitis < br> â‘¢ alcohol, drugs, due to ;
cholesterol CHO 0 ~ 5.18mmo1 / L <200 â‘ for hyperlipoproteinemia with normal lipoprotein lipid abnormalities
; white hyperlipidemia diagnosis and analysis.
; â‘¡ for cerebrovascular disease risk factors to determine.
triglyceride 0TG 0 ~ 1.6pmmo1 / L increase found in genetic factors, dietary factors, diabetes
; young <150 disease, nephrotic syndrome and hypothyroidism,
; age <200 pregnancy, oral contraceptives, alcohol and so on.
; lower (less than population 5% of the median) no significant clinical
; bed significance. Found in poor digestion and absorption is too low, slow
; of wasting disease, hyperthyroidism, adrenal function
; be low, liver parenchymal disease , primary β-fat
; protein deficiency.
high-density lipoprotein HDL-C 1.16-1.55mmo1 / L cholesterol and coronary heart disease the number has a negative correlation between
protein fat steroids male> 40 (1.03) was confirmed by many epidemiological Institute:
; women> 45 (1.16) 1. physiological rise: exercise (such as athletes in general
; HDL-C higher ), alcohol consumption, women taking birth control
; drugs, some of the cholesterol-lowering drugs (such as Novo value) and so on.
; 2 physiological reduced: less movement, the anti-stress
; should be after.
; 3 pathological lower : coronary heart disease, high triglycerides
; hyperlipidemia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes, chronic kidney
; dysfunction, malnutrition.
; 4 liters of pathological High: chronic liver disease,where to buy radii shoes, chronic poisoning
; disease, hereditary high HDL blood.
; HDL cholesterol is a free and total cholesterol concentration
; related risk factors, There are high expectations and price
; value. Thus, HDL cholesterol concentration was determined on the
; coronary heart disease risk assessment is necessary of.
low-density lipoprotein
protein, cholesterol, LDL-C 2.84 ~ 3.10mmol / L increase in atherosclerosis is the major risk factors.
0-220U / L increase seen in acute pancreatitis, mumps.
; urinary <1000U / L.. reduction seen in severe liver disease (serum and urine amylase with
; when reduced)
carbon dioxide
combined rate / power CO2-Cp 45.0 ~ 65.0ml% reduction seen in metabolic acidosis or respiratory of soda
; drug compensatory increase in metabolic alkalosis and respiratory
; acid poisoning compensation.
five, meaning five indicators of hepatitis B:
HBsAg anti-HBs, HBeAg anti-HBe, anti-HBc.
hepatitis B is more than the
following various â‘ HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc (1, 3, 5 items) positive:
acute or chronic hepatitis. Commonly known as
â‘¡ HBsAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc (1, 4,5 item) positive:
acute hepatitis B tend to recover, asymptomatic HBV (hepatitis B virus) carriers. Commonly known as
â‘¢ HBsAg, anti-HBc (1,5 item) positive: < / p>
asymptomatic HBV (hepatitis B virus) to carry, acute HBV infection.
â‘£ anti-HBs, anti-HBe, anti-HBc (2, 4,5 items) positive:
that recovery after infection, has received immunity.
⑤ anti-HBe, anti-HBc (4,5 item) Positive:
a previous infection, acute HBV infection recovery.
â‘¥ anti-HBs ( 2) Positive:
passive or active immunization for HBV (hepatitis B virus) have immunity.
⑦ anti-HBc ; (5) positive:
acute HBV (hepatitis B virus) infection in the core window period (not yet available, but the incidence of infection).
high-density lipoprotein / high levels of cholesterol Description
health awareness and health under the first cholesterol (Cholesterol):
our daily needs nutrients are sugars (carbohydrates), protein and fat. Fat by the digestive,
reduced to cholesterol and triglycerides (also known as neutral fat). Each gram of fat provides 9 calories, while sugar, eggs
white matter only 4 calories. When the body more than the required intake of nutrients, the excess heat (which may be derived from carbohydrates,
protein or fat), the body will be transformed into neutral fat, saved up, when needed by the decomposition, release
use.
There are four human blood fats: cholesterol, neutral fat, free fatty acids and phospholipids. Cholesterol is a
kinds of oily complex, mostly by the liver to manufacture. Total body cholesterol 100 to 200 grams. One-third of the
two self-synthesis in the body, one-third from food. Cholesterol and lipoproteins can be transported into the body of the
part. Divided into low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein high-density lipoprotein.
serum lipoprotein cholesterol, low density and high density lipoprotein levels are a pair of two. Both are important
task:
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from the liver and transported to body tissue, high-density lipoprotein to the Organization cholesterol
back to the liver. When the low-density lipoprotein
excessive, it will carry the cholesterol accumulation in arterial walls, long prone to artery
sclerosis. Therefore, LDL is called
very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) main function is to transport the liver in the synthesis of endogenous triglycerides. No matter
is transported to the liver cells of the blood fatty acids, or glucose metabolism changes in the formation of fatty acids in the liver cells can be combined
Wang into glycerol ester. In liver cells, glycerol ester and H APOB100, cholesterol, forming VLDL and released into the blood.
in low-fat diet, the intestinal mucosa can secrete VLDL into the blood. The metabolism of VLDL into the blood, most become
low-density lipoprotein (LDL). As the slow metabolism of VLDL in the blood, half-life of 6 to 12 hours, so the fasting blood
still a certain level of VLDL. VLDL cholesterol is relatively small due to carry, and their relatively large particles, so
easily through the arterial intima. Therefore, the normal VLDL generally do not cause atherosclerosis role. However, because
VLDL triglycerides accounted for 50% to 70%, cholesterol 8% to 12%, so once VLDL levels were significantly increased when,
plasma, in addition to elevated triglyceride and cholesterol levels will increase.
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) from the change. The main function of LDL
is to transport cholesterol to cells throughout the body, but mainly transported to the liver bile acid synthesis. Each type of lipoprotein carries
a certain amount of cholesterol, but carrying the highest lipoprotein cholesterol is LDL.
body of two-thirds of the LDL receptor-mediated pathway is absorbed through the hepatic and extrahepatic tissues, the metabolism and clearance.
remaining one-third through a
macrophages and LDL binding, the absorption of LDL cholesterol, so cholesterol to remain in the cell, into a
cells.
Thus, LDL can enter the artery wall cells, and into cholesterol. Therefore, high LDL levels can cause atherogenic
hardening, so that the individual is susceptible to coronary heart disease risk.
is definitely high cholesterol, and high is not small, fat, comprehensive regulation of blood lipids, can also increase high-density
lipoprotein, high density is not your high, high density, the higher the better.
; ; low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein is to transport cholesterol back to liver from the peripheral metabolism, this could make the cholesterol around the blood vessels Alcohol reduction, and therefore protect the heart and brain blood vessels. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol for transport plays a significant role for the anti- Hyperlipidemia occurs only have a certain effect, if diet can lower the approach to improvement.
key to eat mushrooms and other mushroom food, seaweed food, beans, sesame seeds. Adequate intake of essential fat Fatty acids. Intake rich in EPA, DHA oil, if you see what kind of oils rich in linoleic acid and linolenic acid in edible oil on Can be used, they increase HDL certain role. Such as sesame oil, but the taste does not necessarily accustomed to, ah, A little buzz. Also avoid saturated fats, such as animal oil; intake of unsaturated fatty acids, found in such as: corn Oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, vegetable oil. High-density lipoprotein in the blood is the highest density lipoprotein particles as a minimum, with the removal of excess body blood Dirt, clean blood vessels. Therefore, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is the Is considered a Anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-atherosclerotic coronary heart disease and a protective factor.
Therefore, high-density lipoprotein and cholesterol,designer shoes jimmy choo, is a manifestation of hyperlipidemia, but also coronary Disease and cerebrovascular disease risk factors.
other reasons caused by lower high-density lipoprotein: seen in diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, coronary heart disease, Atherosclerosis, acute infections.
treatment and pay attention to:
currently advocated to improve lifestyle, primarily through the method of regulating high-density lipoprotein:
; 1, weight: clinical trials, weight loss can not only reduce cholesterol, but also significantly increased high-density Lipoprotein;
2, regular exercise: exercise have increased levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein effects.
3, quit smoking: smokers than non-smokers to reduce HDL-C concentrations.
4, control diet: prevention and treatment of high blood cholesterol the most effective way, Yi Shi low-fat food, reducing sweets or carbohydrates Intake of other compounds.
5, for improved lifestyle, high-density lipoprotein in patients with elevated still may be in drug treatment. Existing lipid-lowering medicines have increased HDL-C effect, but there is no single drug increased HDL-C. Xuezhikang: As Chinese medicine, the main ingredients of natural pravastatin, fewer side effects, 0.6 (2) 2 times breakfast and dinner After the service. Zhibituo
or taking tablets (Yunnan red yeast) a 3, 2 times a day, morning and evening after meals fast efficacy, adverse Reaction low price.
6, check blood sugar, liver function, etc., caused by the exclusion of other causes of high-density lipoprotein down. How to raise your HDL cholesterol
In the evaluation of coronary heart disease and other arterial Atherosclerotic lesions, a comprehensive analysis of the lipids required readings, such as high density is higher we go, low-density (low density Lipoprotein cholesterol) to lower total cholesterol and triglycerides can not exceed the normal range.
latest discovery, bear cholesterol Most closely with coronary heart disease. According to current U.S. standards, high-density readings of less than 1 (in mmol / L, that is, mm Mol / l, & c.), is an independent coronary heart disease risk factor, that is, regardless of your total cholesterol Alcohol, low-density, how high triglycerides, high density, as long as you improve, it reached the normal or best value, highest Heart disease risk would be substantially reduced; raise high-density every 0.025, a reduction of coronary heart disease risk of 2% to 3%. Higher in men than 1.16 in females than 1.42 is better. Second, the ratio of total cholesterol in high density in the proportion of The more, the lower the risk of coronary heart disease. Americans, total cholesterol and high density than the average of 4.5:1; coronary heart disease Human 5.5:1. When the ratio reached 3:1, the lowest risk of coronary heart disease.
how to improve high-density?
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